How to Change Oil on Skid Steers and Excavators: A Step-by-Step Guide
Why Regular Oil Changes Matter
Oil keeps your skid steer or excavator running smoothly. Over time, oil breaks down and collects dirt and debris. Changing your oil on schedule helps your engine last longer and work better. Most manufacturers suggest oil changes every 250 to 500 hours of use, though you should check your equipment's manual for the exact interval.
What You'll Need
Before you start, gather these items:
- New oil (the type and amount your manual specifies)
- A new oil filter
- An oil drain pan
- A wrench or socket set
- An oil filter wrench
- Jack stands or blocks (if you need to raise the equipment)
- Rags or paper towels
- Safety glasses
- Gloves
Step 1: Warm Up Your Equipment
Run your skid steer or excavator for a few minutes to warm up the oil. Warm oil drains faster and more completely. Then turn off the engine and let it sit for a minute or two.
Step 2: Locate the Drain Plug
Find the oil drain plug on the bottom of your engine. Check your equipment's manual if you're not sure where it is. Place your drain pan underneath the plug to catch the old oil.
Step 3: Remove the Drain Plug
Use your wrench to loosen the drain plug by turning it counterclockwise. Once it's loose enough, carefully unscrew it by hand. Be careful—the oil may still be warm. Let all the old oil drain into the pan. This can take 5 to 10 minutes.
Step 4: Replace the Drain Plug Washer
Most drain plugs have a washer that needs to be replaced each time. Install a new washer on the drain plug, then screw the plug back in by hand. Tighten it with your wrench, but don't overtighten it—you can damage the plug or the engine.
Step 5: Locate and Remove the Oil Filter
Find the oil filter, which is usually a cylindrical canister on the side of the engine. Use an oil filter wrench to turn it counterclockwise. Once it's loose, unscrew it by hand and let any remaining oil drain into your pan.
Step 6: Install the New Oil Filter
Before installing the new filter, wipe the filter mounting surface clean with a rag. Apply a thin layer of new oil to the rubber gasket on the new filter. Screw the filter on by hand until the gasket touches the engine, then turn it an additional three-quarter turn. Don't use a wrench to tighten the filter.
Step 7: Add New Oil
Remove the oil filler cap on top of the engine. Pour in the amount of new oil specified in your manual. Use a funnel to avoid spilling oil. Replace the oil filler cap when you're done.
Step 8: Check the Oil Level
Start your engine and let it run for about 30 seconds, then turn it off. Wait a minute or two, then pull out the dipstick or use your equipment's oil level gauge. Wipe it clean, reinsert it, and check the level. Add a bit more oil if needed to reach the full mark.
Step 9: Dispose of Old Oil Properly
Never pour old oil on the ground or down a drain. Take your used oil to a recycling center, auto parts store, or service station that accepts it. Many places take it for free.
Key Tips to Remember
- Always check your equipment's manual for the correct oil type and capacity
- Keep track of your oil change dates and engine hours
- Inspect your oil filter and drain plug for leaks after the first few hours of operation
- Wear gloves and safety glasses to protect yourself
- Work on level ground when possible
When to Call a Professional
If you're not comfortable performing this task, or if your equipment has unusual features, contact a dealer or certified technician. They can show you how to do it or handle the work for you.